The roots of alcoholism ... in the genes?

Young people often begin drinking alcohol because of environmental factors, such as peer pressure. But genes appear to be a significant factor in determining whether drinking progresses to problem drinking and alcoholism, according to a new study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

The study of 3,546 female twins, ages 18 to 29, examined how genes and environment influence drinking at different stages of life. The researchers found that genes accounted for about 30% of the timing of the first drink and for about 47% of the speed at which women progressed to alcohol dependence. But environmental factors, overall, seemed more influential, particularly earlier in life.

"That's good news in terms of modifying these behaviors and reducing the risk of developing alcohol dependence," says the study's lead author, Carolyn E. Sartor. "Genetics are not destiny, and our findings suggest that there are opportunities to intervene at all stages of alcohol use."