THIS is current Medical Research - most of it coming out of Europe.
Dope Users ARE in need of help.
It is expected that the age (from 17 to 15) of "first use of marijuana" will drop in areas where pot dispenseries are opperating.
Experiences in the Netherlands showed a younger age (15) of entrance into use of marijuana when the availability in coffe-house bars was expanded.
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Cannabis is the most frequently used illegal drug in France. In 2007, the average age for a first use was 15.1 years. The lapse between the first use and dependence is brief (approximately 18 months) with an average of 28 months compared to tobacco (3-5 years) and alcohol (5-9 years).
[Inserm U669, 75014 Paris, France]
Severe forms of marijuana use (eg, dependence) were associated with polysubstance use, and greater motivation to use marijuana for multiple reasons.
{Am J Addict. 2009 Sep-Oct;18(5):409-16.}
Addicted individuals found a great effect size in the differences when exploring the dysfunctional type, with higher scores in addicts. Dysfunctional impulsivity was related to dysexecutive symptoms and personality traits such as Novelty Seeking
[Psicothema. 2009 Nov;21(4):585-591.]
Confirmed high comorbidity in community-drawn samples between substance use disorders and anxiety or depression. 98 subjects composed four groups of substance users:
~non consumers (those who did not use any substance during the last month);
~consumers of alcohol only,
~consumers of cannabis (with or without alcohol) and
~consumers of other illicit substances (with or without cannabis or alcohol).
Novelty seeking scores increased linearly and significantly (p<0.001) from the group of non-consumers to the group of the consumers of the most deviant substances.
[Encephale. 2004 Nov-Dec;30(6):564-9].
Considerable attention has been paid to the relationship between Cannabis use and schizophrenia
Any consideration of this issue must take into account the substantial toxicity, impurity, and morbidity associated with marijuana use.
Cannabis and crime: findings from a longitudinal study.
the association between cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood, and subsequent criminal charges.A Norwegian population-based sample (n = 1353) was followed from 13 to 27 years of age
found robust associations between cannabis use and later registered criminal charges, both in adolescence and in young adulthood. After adjustment,(for social backgrounds) they still found strong associations between cannabis use and later criminal charges.
[University of Oslo, October 15, 2009]
Research has shown that cannabis use contributes to school dropout. This French representative cross-sectional survey (N = 29 393 teenagers aged 17 years) The link with the move to daily cannabis use was more evident when it occurred <14 years of age rather than at >/=15 years. Repeating a grade before beginning to use cannabis increased the dropout rates compared with the opposite sequence. Girls were more affected by early grade repetition and by early and daily cannabis use.
[Eur J Public Health. 2009 Oct 5.]
Reduced response to reward in smokers and cannabis users
Our results suggest that regular cannabis use affects certain aspects of motivation and that both tobacco smoking and cannabis use lead to similar motivational changes. However, the use of cannabis seems to affect motivation in a stronger way than does tobacco smoking alone. MRI studies of the brains of regular marijuana users showed distinct dependent cravings after 72 hours without use.
University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland September 21, 2009